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Executive Summary What defines "leadership" during an epidemic or biological attack? Why do bioattacks present special challenges and high-stakes decisions for leaders? Case studies: 2003, Fearing SARS, New Yorkers Avoid Chinatown 1976, Swine Flu Vaccination Campaign Too Much, Too Soon 1918, Spanish Influenza Grips the Globe 2003, Information about SARS Elusive 2001, Anthrax Evades Easy Answers 2003, SARS Victims Shunned Globally 2003, Fearing SARS, People Avoid Chinese-Americans 2001, Muslim Americans Face Hate Crimes in Wake of September 11 2003, New Yorkers Perceive SARS To Be Local Outbreak 2001, Far from Anthrax Attacks, People Anxious 2003, SARS Spread Facilitated by Global Travel 2001, The High Costs of the Anthrax Attacks 2001, Economic Repercussions of Foot and Mouth Disease 1986, Mad Cow Disease Devastates British Beef Industry Social and Economic Disparities Influence Public Responses to Bioattacks 1995, Chicago Heat Wave Singles Out the Poor and the Isolated Hospitals Unprepared for Epidemic Control 2001, Anthrax Evades Easy Answers Blaming "Outsiders" for Causing Disease 2001, Letters Laced with Anthrax 2001, Anthrax Letters Give New Meaning to "Handle with Care" 2001, Treatment Protocols for Anthrax Revised in Wake of Letter Attacks Laundry List for Bioterrorism Response Planners
What leadership dilemmas may arise in a deliberate epidemic, and how might they be averted? Case Studies: Lessons from 2 Smallpox Outbreaks: 1894 Milwaukee, 1947 New York 1982, Executives Put Public Safety First 1900, San Francisco Business Leaders Hide Plague 2001, Post September 11, Some in U.S. Vilify Islam, Others Reach Out 1918 Pandemic Flu Provokes Discrimination and Altruism
What situations splinter the social trust necessary to cope with health crises, and how might they be diffused? Case studies: 2001, Mayor Leads Mourning New Yorkers 2001, EPA Reassures Ground Zero Residents that Air Is Safe Polled Americans Expect Discrimination during Smallpox Outbreak 2001, New York City Health Officials Earn Public Trust 2003, Chinese Leaders Withhold SARS Information from Villagers
References
Full Report PDF (Published in Biosecurity and Bioterrorism) Curriculum Printer-friendly PDF of "How to Lead" Manual (aka Executive Summary) PowerPoint Talk that Reviews Working Group Recommendations 2003 National Summit on Leadership during Bioterrorism Select Planning and Response Resources
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